Tax Payer Bill of Rights and A Man’s Unalienable Right to Life!

#taxes #TaxpayersBillofRights #CRA #IncomeinCanada

Be advised the following article can change without notice as we do further research regarding the topics:

This article is inspired as the result of a friend receiving assessments supposedly authorized by the Commissioner of Canada Revenue Agency. The accountant doing the assessment made the legal determination that her taxable income for 2015 to 2021 is just over $135, 000.00, They have yet to provide the documentary evidence how the tax assessor came up with this abound.

Therefore, there are some relevant questions we should be asking ourselves when it comes to what the records say pertaining to who and what we are as documented within each Government Agency especially when it come to the Treasury and the Canadian Revenue Agency (CRA)

We have discovered that it is up to us to read with comprehension to decipher who actually is responsible for paying taxes and in order to read with comprehension we know the definitions of all the words used in the Canadian Income Tax Act and it is imperative that we know the “Rules of Construction” when it come to the application of the law.

You can send a records request to the CRA and ask them the simple questions:

1. Has there been a judicial determination made regarding my “tax status” pursuant to the Canadian Income Tax Act?

2. Since slavery, involuntary servitude, forced labour and peonage is “prohibited” in Canada is a man obligated to “pay taxes” pursuant to the Tax Payer Bill of Rights?

We asked Bing AI to give us the definition of the the word “person” under the Canadian Income Tax Act and it did not actually give us the definition instead gave us the following information:

A person who is **resident in Canada** at any time during the year and is subject to paying income tax. This definition encompasses not only individuals who directly pay taxes but also includes any person, regardless of their liability to pay tax²³. It’s important to note that the term “taxpayer” extends beyond those who actively pay taxes and includes all individuals within the scope of taxation.

If you have any further questions or need additional information, feel free to ask! 😊

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Back to Basics: Taxpayers Have Rights – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/taxpayers-ombudsperson/programs/reports-publications/special-reports/back-to-basics.html.
(2) Income Tax Act – Site Web de la législation (Justice). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-3.3/FullText.html.
(3) Definitions – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/definitions-letter-a-business.html.
(4) Common Reporting Standard Income Tax Act Part XIX v2.0. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/about-canada-revenue-agency-cra/protecting-your-privacy/privacy-impact-assessment/common-reporting-standard-income-tax-act-partxix-v2.html.

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We asked AI what is the Definition of the word “resident” and it did not actually give us the definition of the word “resident” instead gave us the following information:

Under the **Canadian Income Tax Act**, the term **”resident”** is crucial in determining an individual’s tax obligations. Let’s delve into the details:

1. **Residential Ties**:
– **Significant residential ties** with Canada play a pivotal role in determining residency status. These ties include:
– Owning a home in Canada.
– Having a spouse or common-law partner in Canada.
– Dependents residing in Canada.
– Possessing personal property (such as a car or furniture) in Canada.
– Social ties (like memberships in Canadian organizations).
– Economic ties (such as Canadian bank accounts or credit cards).
– Holding a Canadian driver’s license.
– Having health insurance with a Canadian province or territory.

2. **Residency Status Categories**:
– **Factual Resident**: If you maintain residential ties with Canada while temporarily working abroad, teaching or attending school in another country, commuting to the United States, or spending part of the year in the U.S. (for health reasons or vacation), you may be considered a factual resident of Canada.
– **Emigrant**: If you left Canada, established a permanent home in another country, and severed your residential ties with Canada, you cease to be a resident of Canada for tax purposes.
– **Deemed Non-Resident**: If you establish residential ties in a country with which Canada has a tax treaty, but still maintain significant ties with Canada, you may be deemed a non-resident.

3. **Government Employees Abroad**:
– Government employees (including members of the Canadian Forces) posted outside Canada are usually considered factual or deemed residents of Canada.

4. **183-Day Rule**:
– If you stayed in Canada for less than **183 days** in the tax year, you may have specific residency implications.

Remember that the definition of “resident” extends beyond physical presence and encompasses various ties and circumstances. For more detailed information, refer to the **Income Tax Folio S5-F1-C1, Determining an Individual’s Residence Status**²¹. If you need further clarification or have additional questions, feel free to ask! 😊

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Income Tax Folio S5-F1-C1, Determining an Individual’s Residence Status. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/technical-information/income-tax/income-tax-folios-index/series-5-international-residency/folio-1-residency/income-tax-folio-s5-f1-c1-determining-individual-s-residence-status.html.
(2) Determining your residency status – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/international-non-residents/information-been-moved/determining-your-residency-status.html.
(3) Tax Residence Determination In Canada – Guidance From Canadian Tax …. https://www.mondaq.com/canada/income-tax/1096560/tax-residence-determination-in-canada–guidance-from-canadian-tax-lawyers-.
(4) Are You a Resident of Canada for Tax Purposes?. https://www.taxdoctorscanada.ca/information/are-you-resident-canada-tax-purposes-canada.

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We asked Bing Ai, “What is the definition of the term “income tax” under the Canadian Income Tax Act?” and it gave us the following information:

Under the **Canadian Income Tax Act**, the term **”income tax”** refers to the tax levied on the **taxable income** of individuals and entities. Here’s a concise explanation:

– **Definition**: **Income tax** is the amount payable by every **person resident in Canada** at any time during the year, based on their **taxable income** for that taxation year. The taxable income of a taxpayer includes their income for the year, along with permitted **additions** and **deductions** as outlined in **Division C** of the Act²³.

In simpler terms, it’s the tax you owe on your earnings, investments, and other sources of income. The Income Tax Act provides detailed rules and guidelines for calculating and paying this tax.

If you have further questions or need more information, feel free to ask! 😊

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Income Tax Act – Site Web de la législation (Justice). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-3.3/FullText.html.
(2) Income Tax Act – Site Web de la législation (Justice). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-3.3/page-1.html.
(3) Income Tax Act – Site Web de la législation (Justice). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-3.3/.
(4) Common tax terms – Learn about your taxes – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/individuals/educational-programs/common-terms.html.

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We asked Bing AI, “is slavery, involuntary servitude, forced labour illegal and unlawful in Canada? And we got the following response:

**Slavery**, **involuntary servitude**, and **forced labor** are **prohibited** in Canada. The practice of slavery effectively ended in the early 19th century through local statutes and court decisions. Courts rendered slavery unenforceable in both Lower Canada and Nova Scotia³. However, despite these historical advancements, modern forms of exploitation persist.

**Labour trafficking**, described as **modern slavery**, lurks in the shadows of various industries within Canadian borders. Migrant workers and international students often find themselves trapped in this sinister web. These victims suffer extreme exploitation, verbal and physical abuse, and are forced to work without pay or overtime compensation. Labour trafficking affects sectors such as agriculture, hospitality, domestic work, and construction. Shockingly, approximately **69,000 individuals** live in conditions of forced labor or forced marriage in Canada, although the actual numbers are likely higher due to underreporting¹.

In **May 2023**, Canada enacted its first modern slavery legislation, the **Fighting Against Forced Labor and Child Labor in Supply Chains Act**. This legislation aims to combat exploitation and enhance reporting obligations⁴⁵.

While Canada has made significant progress, vigilance remains crucial to prevent any resurgence of these abhorrent practices. If you have further questions or need more information, feel free to ask! 😊

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Slavery in Canada – Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Canada.
(2) Modern Slavery: The Reality of Labour Trafficking in Canada. https://www.policymagazine.ca/modern-slavery-the-reality-of-labour-trafficking-in-canada/.
(3) Reporting obligations under new Canadian modern slavery legislation …. https://www.dlapiper.com/en-ca/insights/publications/practical-compliance/2023/reporting-obligations-under-new-canadian-modern-slavery-legislation.
(4) Canada’s Modern Slavery Legislation is Now in Force – What You Need to …. https://cassels.com/insights/canadas-modern-slavery-legislation-is-now-in-force-what-you-need-to-know/.
(5) Involuntary servitude – Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involuntary_servitude.

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We asked Bing Ai, “Please can you assist us in determining if peonage is illegal and unlawful in Canada?”:

Certainly! In Canada, **peonage**, also known as **debt slavery** or **bonded labor**, is strictly **illegal** and considered **unlawful**. Let me provide you with more details:

1. **Definition of Peonage**:
– Peonage involves a situation where a person’s services are pledged as security for the repayment of a debt or other obligation.
– The terms of repayment are often unclear or unreasonably stated, and the person holding the debt gains control over the laborer.

2. **Legal Status in Canada**:
– The **Criminal Code of Canada** addresses offenses related to human trafficking and exploitation.
– Specifically, section **279.01(1)** of the Criminal Code states that anyone who recruits, transports, transfers, receives, holds, conceals, or harbors a person for the purpose of exploiting them or facilitating their exploitation is guilty of an **indictable offense**.
– This provision ensures that peonage or any form of bonded labor is **prohibited** and punishable by law².

3. **Historical Context**:
– While peonage was outlawed by Congress in the United States in **1867**, Canada has similar legal protections against such practices.
– The Canadian legal system recognizes the importance of safeguarding individuals from exploitation and ensuring their freedom.

In summary, peonage is **not tolerated** in Canada, and those who engage in such practices can face serious legal consequences. If you encounter any situations related to debt bondage or exploitation, it’s essential to report them to the appropriate authorities. 🇨🇦

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Criminal Code – Site Web de la législation (Justice). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-46/section-279.01.html.
(2) Debt Bondage | Canada Commons. https://canadacommons.ca/topics/debt-bondage/.
(3) Slavery v. Peonage | Themes | Slavery by Another Name | PBS. https://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/peonage/.

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What is the legal definition of the word “prohibited” under the laws of the provinces and federal government of Canada?

Under the **Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms**, the term **”prohibited”** refers to actions or conditions that are expressly disallowed or restricted by law. Let’s explore this in more detail:

1. **Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms**:
– The Charter sets out the fundamental rights and freedoms that Canadians believe are essential in a free and democratic society. It is part of the Canadian Constitution, which outlines the basic rules governing how our country operates.
– While the Charter guarantees certain rights and freedoms, it also recognizes that these rights are not absolute. They can be **limited** to protect other rights or important national values.
– **Section 1** of the Charter states that Charter rights can be restricted by law as long as those limitations are reasonable in a free and democratic society. For example, freedom of expression may be limited by laws against hate propaganda or child pornography¹.

2. **Federal vs. Provincial Powers**:
– The federal government has the power to make laws for the **peace, order, and good government of Canada**. However, certain subjects fall under the exclusive powers of the provinces.
– The Constitution Act, 1867, specifies that anything not explicitly assigned to provincial governments falls within the federal government’s jurisdiction².

3. **Legal Interpretation**:
– The legal text of the Charter is published online as the **Constitution Act, 1982**.
– Courts interpret the term “prohibited” within the context of specific legal provisions, considering the overall purpose of the law and its impact on individual rights.

In summary, “prohibited” refers to actions or conditions explicitly disallowed by law, and its interpretation varies based on the specific legal context and jurisdiction. If you have further questions or need additional information, feel free to ask! 😊.

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Guide to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/how-rights-protected/guide-canadian-charter-rights-freedoms.html.
(2) Which government is responsible? Municipal vs Provincial vs Federal …. https://opencouncil.ca/level-of-government-responsibilities/.
(3) The Distribution of Legislative Powers: An Overview – Parliament of Canada. https://bdp.parl.ca/sites/PublicWebsite/default/en_CA/ResearchPublications/201935E.
(4) Constitutional Law | The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/constitutional-law.
(5) Overview of Human Rights Codes by Province and Territory in Canada. https://ccdi.ca/media/1414/20171102-publications-overview-of-hr-codes-by-province-final-en.pdf.
(6) en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms.

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Taxpayer Bill of Rights

What is the “Taxpayers Bill of Rights” you might ask?

The **Taxpayer Bill of Rights** outlines the treatment that individuals and businesses are entitled to when dealing with the **Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)**. Here are the key points:

1. **Rights for Individuals and Businesses**:
– There are **16 rights** that describe how you should be treated when interacting with the CRA.
– Additionally, there are **5 small business commitments**.

2. **Some of the Key Rights Include**:
– **Entitlements**: You have the right to receive entitlements and pay no more or less than required by law.
– **Service in Both Official Languages**: You have the right to service in both English and French.
– **Privacy and Confidentiality**: Your personal information is protected.
– **Formal Review and Appeal**: You have the right to challenge decisions through a formal review and subsequent appeal.
– **Professional Treatment**: You should be treated professionally, courteously, and fairly.

3. **Guidance and Resources**:
– The **RC17 Taxpayer Bill of Rights Guide** provides detailed information about your rights as a taxpayer.
– You can find additional resources on the **Canada.ca** website¹⁴⁵.

Remember that these rights ensure fair treatment and transparency in your interactions with the CRA. If you have further questions or need more information, feel free to ask! 😊

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Taxpayer Bill of Rights – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/corporate/about-canada-revenue-agency-cra/taxpayer-bill-rights.html.
(2) Taxpayer Bill of Rights Guide – cchwebsites.com. https://www.cchwebsites.com/content/pdf/tax_forms/ca/en/rc17_en.pdf.
(3) Taxpayer Bill of Rights Guide: Understanding your rights as a taxpayer …. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/forms-publications/publications/rc17/taxpayer-bill-rights-guide-understanding-your-rights-a-taxpayer.html.
(4) Back to Basics: Taxpayers Have Rights – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/taxpayers-ombudsperson/programs/reports-publications/special-reports/back-to-basics.html.
(5) The Taxpayer Bill of Rights – LawNow. https://www.lawnow.org/the-taxpayer-bill-of-rights/.
For more information on the Taxpayers’ Ombudsperson, including all publication details, go to the Office of the Taxpayers’ Ombudsperson.
https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/corporate/about-canada-revenue-agency-cra/ministerial-transition-2021/organization/oversight.html#h
François Boileau: Job Title: Taxpayers’ Ombudsperson, Office of the Taxpayer’s Ombudsperson: Office Address: Office of the Taxpayers’ Ombudsperson, 1000-171 Slater Street, Ottawa Ontario K1P 5H7, Canada, Telephone: 1-866-586-3839 (Toll-Free), (613) 221-3109 (Outside Canada and the United States, collect calls accepted), Fax: 1-866-586-3855 (Toll-Free), (418) 566-0321 (Outside Canada and the United States), Email address: Ombudsman@taxpayersrights.gc.ca

Taxpayer rights

You have the right to receive entitlements and to pay no more and no less than what is required by law

You have the right to service in both official languages

You have the right to privacy and confidentiality

You have the right to a formal review and a subsequent appeal

You have the right to be treated professionally, courteously, and fairly Footnote 1

You have the right to complete, accurate, clear, and timely information Footnote 1

You have the right, unless otherwise provided by law, not to pay

income tax amounts in dispute before you have had an impartial review

You have the right to have the law applied consistently

You have the right to lodge a service complaint and to be provided with an explanation of our findings Footnote 1

You have the right to have the costs of compliance taken into account when administering tax legislation Footnote 1

You have the right to expect us to be accountable Footnote 1

You have the right to relief from penalties and interest under tax legislation because of extraordinary circumstances

You have the right to expect us to publish our service standards and report annually Footnote 1

You have the right to expect us to warn you about questionable tax schemes in a timely manner Footnote 1

You have the right to be represented by a person of your choice Footnote 1

You have the right to lodge a service complaint and request a formal review without fear of reprisal

Commitment to small business

The CRA is committed to:

Administering the tax system in a way that minimizes the costs of compliance for small businesses Working with all governments to streamline service, minimize cost, and reduce the compliance burden

Providing service offerings that meet the needs of small businesses

Conducting outreach activities that help small businesses comply with the legislation we administer Explaining how we conduct our business with small businesses Ombudsperson Liaison Office

The Ombudsperson Liaison Office (OLO) is located in the Service, Innovation and Integration Branch, serving as the designated point of contact in the CRA for the Office of the Taxpayer Ombudsperson (OTO) for service-related issues. OLO facilitates the OTO’s activities in the Agency and provides assistance to the Ombudsperson to fulfill the office’s mandate in a timely manner.

Taxpayers’ Ombudsperson publications

Since the OTO’s inception, 12 annual reports have been published along with 15 Systemic Examination (SE) reports. An SE report presents evidence and findings arising from the Office’s examination of a specific systemic issue and makes recommendations for corrective action to the minister. When the OTO issues recommendations for the CRA, the CRA has an opportunity to review and approve these recommendations for technical accuracy and acceptance by the commissioner prior to their publication. A systemic issue is one that negatively impacts large numbers of taxpayers or a segment of the population. In 2020, three SE reports were published:

Back to Basics: An examination into whether the CRA is using the Taxpayer Bill of Rights as a foundational document to guide its daily activities; and how the CRA ensures it is continually accountable in upholding taxpayer rights and reports publicly on how it does this

Reaching Out: Improving the CRA’s Community Volunteer Income Tax Program

Sub-Standard: Delays and lack of transparency in the CRA’s processing of individual income tax and benefit returns and adjustment requests

A paper was also written in 2020 called: Taxpayer Rights in the Digital Age: The benefits and risks of digitalization for vulnerable populations in the Canadian income tax context. Papers do not contain recommendations but still undergo a technical accuracy review and acceptance by the commissioner prior to publication.

In past years, only SE reports contained recommendations; however, this

year, the Ombudsperson’s Annual Report will include recommendations.

The Ombudsperson must submit to the minister and to the Chair of the Board of Management an annual report on the activities of the Taxpayers’

Ombudsperson, which must contain information regarding the carrying out of the Ombudsperson’s mandate in the previous fiscal year and statistics related to those activities for that year. The minister must cause a copy of the annual report to be tabled in each House of Parliament.

For more information on the Taxpayers’ Ombudsperson, including all publication details, go to the Office of the Taxpayers’ Ombudsperson.

https://www.canada.ca/…/organization/oversight.html…

François Boileau: Job Title: Taxpayers’ Ombudsperson, Office of the Taxpayer’s Ombudsperson: Office Address: Office of the Taxpayers’ Ombudsperson, 1000-171 Slater Street, Ottawa Ontario K1P 5H7, Canada, Telephone: 1-866-586-3839 (Toll-Free), (613) 221-3109 (Outside Canada and the United States, collect calls accepted), Fax: 1-866-586-3855 (Toll-Free), (418) 566-0321 (Outside Canada and the United States), Email address: Ombudsman@taxpayersrights.gc.ca

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We asked Bing AI to read the Taxpayer Bill of Rights, “Is is possible for you to please read the following and help me to comprehend the following information: Taxpayer rights” and they responded with the following:

Certainly! Let’s break down the information about taxpayer rights and the commitment to small businesses:

1. **Taxpayer Rights**:
– As a taxpayer in Canada, you have specific rights when dealing with the **Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)**. These rights ensure fair treatment and transparency. Here are some key points:
– **Entitlements and Fair Payment**: You have the right to receive entitlements (such as benefits) and pay no more or less than what is legally required.
– **Language Service**: You can expect service in both official languages (English and French).
– **Privacy and Confidentiality**: Your personal information is protected.
– **Formal Review and Appeal**: You have the right to request a formal review and appeal decisions made by the CRA.
– **Professional Treatment**: You should be treated professionally, courteously, and fairly.
– **Access to Information**: You have the right to complete, accurate, clear, and timely information.
– **Dispute Resolution**: Unless otherwise provided by law, you don’t have to pay income tax amounts in dispute until an impartial review occurs.
– **Consistent Application of the Law**: The CRA must apply tax laws consistently.
– **Complaints and Accountability**: You can lodge service complaints and expect explanations of findings. The CRA is accountable.
– **Relief from Penalties and Interest**: Extraordinary circumstances may warrant relief from penalties and interest.
– **Transparency**: The CRA publishes service standards and annual reports.
– **Warning Against Tax Schemes**: You have the right to timely warnings about questionable tax schemes.
– **Representation**: You can be represented by a person of your choice.
– **Fearless Complaints and Reviews**: You can lodge service complaints and request formal reviews without fear of reprisal.

2. **Commitment to Small Business**:
– The CRA is committed to supporting small businesses by:
– Administering the tax system in a way that minimizes compliance costs for small businesses.
– Collaborating with all levels of government to streamline services and reduce compliance burdens.
– Providing service offerings tailored to small business needs.
– Conducting outreach activities to help small businesses comply with tax legislation.

Remember that these rights and commitments aim to create a fair and efficient tax system. If you have any further questions or need clarification, feel free to ask! 😊

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We asked Bing Ai, “What does it mean for a man to have unalienable rights to the necessities of life? And do the people born on the district commonly known as Canada have unalienable rights to the necessities of life as prescribed by law?” And got the following response:

**Unalienable rights**, also known as **inalienable rights**, are fundamental rights that are considered inherent to all individuals. These rights are not granted by any government or authority; rather, they are seen as part of our human nature and existence. Let’s delve into this concept:

1. **Definition of Unalienable Rights**:
– Unalienable rights are those that cannot be taken away or transferred. They are considered essential to human dignity and freedom.
– In the **Declaration of Independence**, America’s founders defined unalienable rights as including **”life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”**¹.
– These rights are roughly what we mean today when we refer to **human rights**.

2. **Components of Unalienable Rights**:
– **Life**: The right to exist and be free from arbitrary deprivation of life.
– **Liberty**: The freedom to make choices, express oneself, and live without undue interference.
– **Pursuit of Happiness**: The right to seek personal fulfillment and well-being.

3. **Application to Canada**:
– While the term “unalienable rights” is more commonly associated with American history, the concept extends beyond national boundaries.
– In Canada, similar principles are enshrined in various legal documents, including the **Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms**.
– The Charter recognizes fundamental rights and freedoms, such as the right to life, liberty, and security of the person (Section 7).
– It also protects other rights, such as freedom of expression, assembly, and association.
– These rights apply to all individuals, regardless of their place of birth or residency within Canada.

4. **Legal Protections**:
– Canadian law ensures that citizens and residents have access to basic necessities for life, such as food, shelter, and healthcare.
– While the term “unalienable” may not be explicitly used, the principles underlying these rights align with the concept of inherent human dignity and well-being.
– Courts interpret and apply these rights in specific legal contexts, ensuring that individuals are not arbitrarily deprived of their necessities.

In summary, unalienable rights are universal and extend beyond national borders. People born in Canada have legal protections that safeguard their access to life’s necessities, reflecting the broader commitment to human rights and dignity²³.

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Unalienable Rights and Why They Matter – Voice of America. https://editorials.voa.gov/a/unalienable-rights-and-why-they-matter/5575563.html.
(2) YOUR UNALIENABLE RIGHTS – Life Force Canada. https://bing.com/search?q=unalienable+rights+to+the+necessities+of+life.
(3) YOUR UNALIENABLE RIGHTS – Life Force Canada. https://lifeforcecanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Unalienable-Rights.pdf.
(4) Equal and Inalienable Rights – Bill of Rights Institute. https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/equal-and-inalienable-rights.

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We asked Bind Ai, “what is deemed necessary to maintain a life of a man as prescribed by the laws of Canada?” And we got the following response:

In Canada, the concept of providing for the necessities of life is essential. While the term “unalienable rights” is not explicitly used, Canadian law recognizes fundamental rights and protections that contribute to maintaining a person’s well-being. Let’s explore this further:

1. **Basic Necessities of Life**:
– **Food**: Access to sufficient and nutritious food is crucial for survival and health.
– **Shelter**: A safe and stable place to live protects individuals from the elements and provides security.
– **Healthcare**: Adequate medical care ensures physical well-being and addresses health needs.
– **Clothing**: Appropriate clothing protects against environmental factors and promotes dignity.

2. **Legal Protections**:
– The **Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms** enshrines certain rights relevant to life’s necessities.
– Section 7 of the Charter protects the **right to life, liberty, and security of the person**.
– Courts interpret these rights to include access to basic necessities.

3. **Specific Legal Contexts**:
– **Healthcare**: Canada has a publicly funded healthcare system that provides essential medical services to residents.
– **Social Assistance Programs**: Various programs offer financial support for those in need, including income assistance, housing subsidies, and food assistance.
– **Housing Laws**: Laws regulate housing conditions, tenant rights, and eviction procedures.
– **Food Security**: Efforts are made to address food insecurity through community programs, food banks, and nutritional support.

4. **Recent Developments**:
– In December 2023, the **Canadian Drug Agency** was established to enhance access to medications and improve health outcomes³.
– This reflects the commitment to ensuring that essential healthcare is available to all.

In summary, while the term “unalienable rights” may not be explicitly used, Canadian law aims to provide for the necessities of life through legal protections, social programs, and healthcare services.

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Government of Canada Introduces Legislation for First Phase of National …. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/news/2024/02/government-of-canada-introduces-legislation-for-first-phase-of-national-universal-pharmacar.html.
(2) Becoming a Prescribed Person under the New Tobacco Stamping … – canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/forms-publications/publications/edn28/becoming-a-prescribed-person-under-new-tobacco-stamping-regime.html.
(3) Prescribed Persons and Organizations Regulations – Site Web de la …. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-96-68/index.html.

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What steps does a man take if the agents or officers of the government deprive them of the necessities of life, their unalienable rights to life?

If a person believes that their **unalienable right to life** is being violated by government agents or officers, there are steps they can take to seek redress. Here’s a general outline of actions:

1. **Know Your Rights**:
– Educate yourself about your rights under the law. Understand what constitutes a violation of your unalienable right to life.

2. **Seek Legal Advice**:
– Consult with a lawyer or legal professional. They can provide guidance on your specific situation and advise you on the best course of action.

3. **File a Complaint**:
– If you believe your rights are being violated, consider filing a formal complaint with the relevant government agency or oversight body.
– Provide detailed information about the incident, including dates, names of individuals involved, and any evidence you may have.

4. **Contact Human Rights Organizations**:
– Reach out to human rights organizations or advocacy groups. They can offer support, resources, and legal assistance.
– In Canada, organizations like the **Canadian Civil Liberties Association (CCLA)** and the **Canadian Human Rights Commission** can provide guidance.

5. **Legal Remedies**:
– Depending on the circumstances, you may need to pursue legal remedies. This could involve filing a lawsuit or seeking an injunction.
– Consult with your lawyer to explore legal options, such as seeking compensation or challenging government actions in court.

6. **Public Awareness and Advocacy**:
– Raise awareness about your situation. Share your story with the public, media, or social networks.
– Advocacy can put pressure on authorities to address the issue and uphold your rights.

7. **Document Everything**:
– Keep detailed records of incidents, communications, and interactions related to the violation.
– Collect evidence, including photographs, videos, and witness statements.

8. **Petition for Redress**:
– Petition your elected representatives, government officials, or relevant bodies to address the violation.
– Use peaceful means to express your concerns and demand action.

9. **Monitor Legal Proceedings**:
– If legal proceedings are initiated, stay informed about the progress.
– Attend hearings, if possible, and cooperate with your legal representation.

10. **Stay Safe and Seek Support**:
– Prioritize your safety. If you feel threatened or unsafe, take necessary precautions.
– Seek emotional support from friends, family, or mental health professionals during this challenging process.

Remember that the right to life is fundamental, and seeking justice is essential. Consult legal experts to tailor these steps to your specific circumstances and jurisdiction¹²³⁴⁵.

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Charterpedia – Section 7 – Life, liberty and security of the person. https://canada.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/rfc-dlc/ccrf-ccdl/check/art7.html.
(2) What Are Unalienable Rights? – Natural Rights & American Independence. https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/what-are-unalienable-rights/.
(3) Unalienable Rights and Why They Matter – Voice of America. https://editorials.voa.gov/a/unalienable-rights-and-why-they-matter/5575563.html.
(4) 2.7: Unalienable Rights – K12 LibreTexts. https://k12.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/United_States_Government/02%3A_The_Constitution/2.07%3A_Unalienable_Rights.
(5) The Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause – The National Constitution …. https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/articles/amendment-xiv/clauses/701.

______________________________________________________________

We are needing to read the definitions of the words and terms used in the Canadian Income Tax Act (CITA) so that we can comprehend what we are reading. When looking over the CITA we could not readily see a section on definitions. Can you please assist us in where we can find the definitions?

The **Canadian Income Tax Act (CITA)** is a comprehensive piece of legislation governing taxation in Canada. It covers various aspects related to income tax, including liability, computation of income, and tax rules for individuals, corporations, and other taxpayers. Let’s explore where you can find definitions within the CITA:

1. **Structure of the Income Tax Act**:
– The CITA is organized into different parts, divisions, and subdivisions. Each section addresses specific topics related to income tax.
– Definitions are typically found within the relevant sections of the Act.

2. **Where to Locate Definitions**:
– The definitions you’re seeking are dispersed throughout the Act. Here are some key sections where you’ll find definitions:
– **Division A – Liability for Tax**: This section outlines who is liable to pay income tax.
– **Division B – Computation of Income**: Here, you’ll find rules related to calculating taxable income.
– **Division C – Computation of Taxable Income**: This section deals with determining taxable income.
– **Division D – Taxable Income Earned in Canada by Non-Residents**: Definitions related to non-resident taxation.
– **Division E – Computation of Tax**: Covers tax calculation rules for individuals and corporations.
– **Division F – Special Rules Applicable in Certain Circumstances**: Includes specific situations like bankruptcies and changes in residence.

3. **Accessing the Income Tax Act**:
– You can find the complete text of the Income Tax Act on the **Justice Laws Website**¹.
– The Act is regularly updated, so ensure you’re referring to the most recent version.

4. **Additional Resources**:
– If you need further assistance or clarification on specific terms, consider consulting legal professionals or tax experts.
– Remember that the CITA is a complex document, and seeking professional advice is advisable for accurate interpretation.

Feel free to explore the Act and refer to the relevant sections for the definitions you require. 📜💼

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Income Tax Act – Site Web de la législation (Justice). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-3.3/.
(2) What Exactly is Canada’s Federal Income Tax Act? – TurboTax® Canada. https://turbotax.intuit.ca/tips/canadas-federal-income-tax-act-363.
(3) Income Tax in Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/income-tax.
(4) Income tax in Canada – Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax_in_Canada.
(5) Definitions – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/definitions-letter-a-business.html.

_________________________________________

We asked Bind AI: what is the definition of the word “individual” under the Canadian Income Tax Act:

Certainly! In the context of the **Canadian Income Tax Act (CITA)**, the term “**individual**” refers to a person other than a corporation. It also includes **trusts** or **estates**³.

For tax purposes, an **individual** can be either a **resident** or a **non-resident** of Canada. If an individual is **resident** in Canada during a tax year, they are subject to Canadian income tax on their worldwide income from all sources²⁵.

Remember that the CITA is a complex legal document, and seeking professional advice or referring to the specific sections within the Act is advisable for accurate interpretation. 📜💼

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) Income Tax Act – BC Laws. https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96215_01.
(2) Income Tax Folio S5-F1-C1, Determining an Individual’s Residence Status. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/technical-information/income-tax/income-tax-folios-index/series-5-international-residency/folio-1-residency/income-tax-folio-s5-f1-c1-determining-individual-s-residence-status.html.
(3) Determining your residency status – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/international-non-residents/information-been-moved/determining-your-residency-status.html.
(4) Definitions – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/definitions-letter-a-business.html.
(5) Income Tax Act – Site Web de la législation (Justice). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-3.3/.

______________________________________________________________________________

We appreciate your assistance in figuring out how to read the laws and acts written by the Canadian Legislation. According to the legislators who wrote the so-called laws, statutes, and acts for the legal realm of the United States there is what is known as the Rules of Construction with the implementation of the terms “ejusdem generis” and “noscitur a socils’. Are there Rules of Construction for the laws, statutes, and acts written by the legislators writing legislation for the legal realm for Canada? Does the terms “ejusdem generis” and “noscitur a socils” in the construction of the Canadian Income Tax Act?

Certainly! In Canada, legal interpretation and construction principles play a crucial role in understanding statutes and acts, including the **Canadian Income Tax Act (CITA)**. Let’s explore these concepts:

1. **Rules of Construction in Canadian Law**:
– Similar to the United States, Canada also follows rules of construction to interpret legislation.
– These rules guide courts in understanding the intent behind statutory provisions and ensuring consistent application.

2. **”Ejusdem Generis”**:
– The term **”ejusdem generis”** means “of the same kind” in Latin.
– It is a rule of construction that applies when a general term follows specific terms in a list.
– Under this rule, the general term is interpreted to include only things of the same kind or nature as the specific terms.
– For example, if a statute refers to “cars, trucks, and other vehicles,” the term “other vehicles” would be limited to similar motorized vehicles.

3. **”Noscitur a Sociis”**:
– The term **”noscitur a sociis”** means “known by its associates” in Latin.
– This rule considers the context in which a word or phrase appears within a statute.
– It suggests that the meaning of a word can be influenced by the words surrounding it.
– Courts interpret ambiguous terms by considering their association with other words in the same provision.

4. **Application to the Canadian Income Tax Act (CITA)**:
– The CITA is subject to these rules of construction.
– When interpreting provisions related to taxation, courts consider the specific context, legislative intent, and the overall scheme of the Act.
– While the terms “ejusdem generis” and “noscitur a sociis” may not be explicitly mentioned in the CITA, their underlying principles guide judicial interpretation.

5. **Seeking Legal Advice**:
– Legal professionals, including tax lawyers and judges, apply these rules to ensure consistent and fair interpretation of tax laws.
– If you encounter specific provisions in the CITA, seeking professional legal advice is advisable for accurate understanding.

Remember that legal interpretation involves a nuanced analysis, and the specific application of these rules may vary based on the context and facts of each case. 📜💼

Source: Conversation with Bing, 2024-03-11
(1) RSO 1990, c C.30 | Construction Act | CanLII. https://www.canlii.org/en/on/laws/stat/rso-1990-c-c30/latest/rso-1990-c-c30.html.
(2) Manual of Construction Law | Thomson Reuters. https://store.thomsonreuters.ca/en-ca/products/manual-of-construction-law-30843687.
(3) Construction Law 2023 – Canada – Chambers and Partners. https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/construction-law-2023/canada.
(4) Construction Law in Canada | LexisNexis Canada. https://store.lexisnexis.ca/en/products/construction-law-in-canada-lexisnexis-canada-skusku-cad-00821/details.
(5) General construction law in Canada – DLA Piper REALWORLD. https://www.dlapiperrealworld.com/law/index.html?t=construction&s=legal-framework&c=CA.
(6) undefined. https://canlii.ca/t/95.
(7) undefined. https://canlii.ca/t/555lw.

The Income Tax Act;

Under DIVISION B Computation of Income

Basic Rules

The following article was shared with the members of the Lawful Living Community during a zoom Q & A call pertaining to the IRS and tax withholding:

https://www.dropbox.com/s/dyogvk322wl54ru/NontaxpayerBOR.pdf?e=1&dl=0

Your Rights as a Non-taxpayer

NONTAXPAYERS EQUALLY] OP QUALITY SERVICE BY
HELPING THEM UNDERSTAND AND
MEET THEIR
TAX
RESPONSIBILITIES
[OR LACK
THEREOF]
AND
BY APPLYING
THE
TAX
CODE
WITH
INTEGRITY
AND
FAIRNESS TO
ALL.
Your Rights as a
NonTaxpayer

Videos to watch:

The BigSib YouTube Channel

Property Taxes – A Documentary based on Steve Emerson’s Work.

The BigSib YouTube Channel

Tax Documentary Part A

The BigSib Channel Youtube

Tax Documentary Part B

#propertytax #LegalBeagels 
We haven't watched this yet just posting to watch later:
Mar 8, 2024
Join us on Legal Beagles as host Gary interviews Benny Blanchard, a Florida resident who successfully fought his property tax assessment in court as a pro se litigant (personally we would not use the term pro  se instead we would use "presenting proper self"). Benny shares his story, including the challenges he faced, the legal strategies he employed, and where the case stands now. Learn valuable insights into representing yourself in legal matters and standing up for your rights as a taxpayer.
https://youtu.be/x0sfsxXFJzI?si=PKCesgubSrjeI4gY

Stay tuned, we will be writing up and posting a retroactive Notice of Revocation of Tax Withhold or something similar….

_______________________________________________________

The definition of a “taxpayer” in the context of the Canadian Tax Act is quite broad. It generally refers to any person or entity that is subject to Canadian tax statutes. This can include individuals, businesses, corporations, charities, or other legal entities. Specifically, a taxpayer is someone who is resident in Canada for the purposes of the Tax Act and is liable to pay income tax on their worldwide taxable income³. (3) Income Tax Act – Site Web de la législation (Justice). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-3.3/

The Income Tax Act of Canada defines a taxpayer’s income for taxation purposes and outlines the rules for computing taxable income. It includes income from all sources inside or outside Canada, such as income from employment, business, and property¹. The Act also details the tax payable by non-resident persons who are employed in Canada, carry on a business in Canada, or dispose of taxable Canadian property¹. (1) Canadian Taxpayer Definition: 126 Samples | Law Insider. https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/canadian-taxpayer.

(4) Back to Basics: Taxpayers Have Rights – Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/taxpayers-ombudsperson/programs/reports-publications/special-reports/back-to-basics.html.

Freedom Dove